Android消息推送和提醒（Push/Calender）
简介
本文介绍两种app未在前台的情况下，如何进行有效的消息通知的方法。
第一种方式调用系统日历api，插入日历事件在指定时间进行提示。
第二种方式通过集成google推送,fireBase.唤醒app，或者提示一个notification.
使用Push
集成firebaseCloudMessage
- google play 11.8+
- 科学上网：https://github.com/getlantern/forum/issues/833
- 谷歌上网助手 Chrome插件
- 手机科学上网：lantern :https://github.com/getlantern/forum
- 倒入依赖的jar 如出现：找不到com.google.android.gms.internal.zzbck的类文件，怎注意版本匹配问题
- 校验本地是否有Google service的方法，需要:play-services-gcm:11.4.2 这个库
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dependencies {
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:11.4.2'
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:11.4.2'
compile "com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:11.4.2"
}
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
```
客户端流程
-
生成app token 上传至服务器
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FirebaseApp.initializeApp(context.getApplicationContext()); String token = FirebaseInstanceId.getInstance().getToken();
- 生成某些模版数据上传至服务器
- 将注册的applacation key 生成的service ID 和sendID 给到服务端，使服务端可以和fcm服务器通信
- 定义通讯的消息协议（上行xmpp等并不常用）
- 接受消息onMessageReceived
服务器
- 需要apk 提供的serviceID 需要sendID
- 接收apk token和其他的 app端参数
- 和firebase 服务器协议交互
注意
如果服务器发送错误码可参考如下提示：
https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/http-server-ref?hl=zh-cn
400 检查 json是否拼接发生错误 504 网络是否超时 后端可控制发送的消息是前台消息还是穿透消息
使用系统Calendar
实现步骤
contentprovider提供了日历接口
- 插入一个新的日历账户
- 插入日历事件
- 根据日历事件对应的eventId 插入日历事件的提醒
- 根据eventID 删除日历事件
具体接口代码
权限：
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<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR" />
插入日历账户
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public class CalendarManager {
/**
* 插入一条新的日历账户
*
* @return
*/
public String insertAccount(Context context) {
ContentResolver cr = context.getContentResolver();
Uri uri = CalendarContract.Calendars.CONTENT_URI;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Uri accountUri = null;
String accountName = "CocahTalk";
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.ACCOUNT_NAME, accountName);
//在添加账户时，如果账户类型不存在系统中，则可能该新增记录会被标记为脏数据而被删除，设置为ACCOUNT_TYPE_LOCAL可以保证在不存在账户类型时，该新增数据不会被删除；
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.ACCOUNT_TYPE, CalendarContract.ACCOUNT_TYPE_LOCAL);
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.NAME, "CocahTalk");
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.CALENDAR_DISPLAY_NAME, "CocahTalk");
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.CALENDAR_COLOR, 0XFF5555);
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.CALENDAR_ACCESS_LEVEL, CalendarContract.Calendars.CAL_ACCESS_OWNER);
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.VISIBLE, 1);
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.CALENDAR_TIME_ZONE, TimeZone.getDefault().getID());
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.CAN_MODIFY_TIME_ZONE, 1);
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.SYNC_EVENTS, 1);
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.OWNER_ACCOUNT, "CocahTalk Account");
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.CAN_ORGANIZER_RESPOND, 1);
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.MAX_REMINDERS, 8);
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.ALLOWED_REMINDERS, "0,1,4");
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.ALLOWED_AVAILABILITY, "0,1,2");
values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.ALLOWED_ATTENDEE_TYPES, "0,1,2,3");
// values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.IS_PRIMARY, 1);
// values.put(CalendarContract.Calendars.DIRTY, 1);
//修改或添加ACCOUNT_NAME只能由syn-adapter调用，对uri设置CalendarContract.CALLER_IS_SYNCADAPTER为true，即标记当前操作为syn_adapter操作；
//再设置CalendarContract.CALLER_IS_SYNCADAPTER为true时，必须带上参数ACCOUNT_NAME和ACCOUNT_TYPE，至于这两个参数的值，可以随意填，不影响最终结果；
uri = uri
.buildUpon()
.appendQueryParameter(CalendarContract.CALLER_IS_SYNCADAPTER, "true")
.appendQueryParameter(CalendarContract.Calendars.ACCOUNT_NAME, "Test")
.appendQueryParameter(CalendarContract.Calendars.ACCOUNT_TYPE, CalendarContract.ACCOUNT_TYPE_LOCAL)
.build();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == context.checkSelfPermission("android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR")) {
accountUri = cr.insert(uri, values);
} else {
return "请授予编辑日历的权限";
}
} else {
accountUri = cr.insert(uri, values);
}
// get the event ID that is the last element in the Uri
long accountID = Long.parseLong(accountUri.getLastPathSegment());
sb.append("新增日历账户成功！\n");
sb.append("accountID:" + accountID).append("\n");
sb.append("accountName:" + accountName).append("\n");
sb.append("\n");
return sb.toString();
}
删除日历账户
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/**
* 删除日历账户
*
* @return
*/
public String deleteAccount(Context context) {
ContentResolver cr = context.getContentResolver();
Uri uri = CalendarContract.Calendars.CONTENT_URI;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int deletedCount = 0;
String selection = "((" + CalendarContract.Calendars.ACCOUNT_NAME + " = ?) AND ("
+ CalendarContract.Calendars.ACCOUNT_TYPE + " = ?))";
String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{"CoachTalk", CalendarContract.ACCOUNT_TYPE_LOCAL};
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == context.checkSelfPermission("android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR")) {
deletedCount = cr.delete(uri, selection, selectionArgs);
} else {
return "请授予编辑日历的权限";
}
} else {
deletedCount = cr.delete(uri, selection, selectionArgs);
}
sb.append("删除日历账户成功！\n");
sb.append("删除账户数:" + deletedCount).append("\n");
sb.append("\n");
return sb.toString();
}
生成日历事件
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/**
* @param beginYear
* @param beginMonth
* @param beginDay
* @param beginHour
* @param beginMinute
* @param endYear
* @param endMonth
* @param endDay
* @param endHour
* @param endMinute
* @return 返回一个时间提供给CreateContentResolver
*/
public long[] createEvent(int beginYear, int beginMonth, int beginDay, int beginHour, int beginMinute, int endYear, int endMonth, int endDay, int endHour, int endMinute) {
long[] calenderMillis = new long[2];
calenderMillis[0] = 0;
calenderMillis[1] = 0;
Calendar beginTime = Calendar.getInstance();
beginTime.set(beginYear, beginMonth, beginDay, beginHour, beginMinute);
calenderMillis[0] = beginTime.getTimeInMillis();
Calendar endTime = Calendar.getInstance();
endTime.set(endYear, endMonth, endDay, endHour, endMinute);
calenderMillis[1] = endTime.getTimeInMillis();
return calenderMillis;
}
/**
* @param context
* @param calID 日历账户id
* @param calenderMillis 时间段数组
* @param title 事件主题
* @param description 事件描述
* @param location 事件地点
* @param organizer 组织者
* @param eventtitle
* @return
*/
public ContentValues CreateContentResolver(Context context, long calID, long[] calenderMillis, String title, String description, String location, String organizer, String eventtitle) {
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
/*
以下是针对插入一个新的事件的一些规则：
1. 必须包含CALENDAR_ID和DTSTART字段
2. 必须包含EVENT_TIMEZONE字段。使用getAvailableIDs()方法获得系统已安装的时区ID列表。注意如果通过INSTERT类型Intent对象来插入事件，那么这个规则不适用，因为在INSERT对象的场景中会提供一个默认的时区；
3. 对于非重复发生的事件，必须包含DTEND字段；
4. 对重复发生的事件，必须包含一个附加了RRULE或RDATE字段的DURATIION字段。注意，如果通过INSERT类型的Intent对象来插入一个事件，这个规则不适用。因为在这个Intent对象的应用场景中，你能够把RRULE、DTSTART和DTEND字段联合在一起使用，并且Calendar应用程序能够自动的把它转换成一个持续的时间。
*/
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.CALENDAR_ID, calID);
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.DTSTART, calenderMillis[0]);
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.DTEND, calenderMillis[1]);
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.TITLE, title);
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.DESCRIPTION, description);
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.EVENT_LOCATION, location);
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.EVENT_TIMEZONE, TimeZone.getDefault().getID());
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.ACCESS_LEVEL, CalendarContract.Events.ACCESS_DEFAULT);
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.ORGANIZER, organizer);
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.STATUS, 1);
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.HAS_ALARM, 1);
values.put(CalendarContract.Events.HAS_ATTENDEE_DATA, 1);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("添加日历事件成功！\n");
sb.append("calID:" + calID).append("\n");
sb.append("title:" + title).append("\n");
sb.append("\n");
return values;
}
/**
* @param values 日历事件
* @param context
* @return 此次日历事件Uri
*/
public long insertEvent(ContentValues values, Context context) {
ContentResolver cr = context.getContentResolver();
Uri uri = CalendarContract.Events.CONTENT_URI;
Uri eventUri = null;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == context.checkSelfPermission("android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR")) {
eventUri = cr.insert(uri, values);
} else {
eventUri = null;
}
} else {
eventUri = cr.insert(uri, values);
}
long eventID = Long.parseLong(eventUri.getLastPathSegment());
return eventID;
}
**注意 CalendarContract.Events.CALENDAR_ID 不可随意填写，按照插入的顺序决定是第几个calendarID **
生成日历事件提醒
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/***
*
* @param context
*
* @param remindertime 提前多久提醒
*/
public void createReminder(Context context, long eventID, int remindertime) {
// get the event ID that is the last element in the Uri
ContentResolver cr = context.getContentResolver();
// 事件提醒的设定
ContentValues reminderValues = new ContentValues();
reminderValues.put(CalendarContract.Reminders.EVENT_ID, eventID);
//提前10分钟
reminderValues.put(CalendarContract.Reminders.MINUTES, remindertime);// 提前10分钟有提醒
//闹钟提醒
reminderValues.put(CalendarContract.Reminders.METHOD, CalendarContract.Reminders.METHOD_ALERT);// 提醒方式
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// TODO: Consider calling
// ActivityCompat#requestPermissions
// here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding
// public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
// int[] grantResults)
// to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation
// for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details.
return;
}
Uri reminderUri = cr.insert(CalendarContract.Reminders.CONTENT_URI, reminderValues);
}
删除日历事件
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/**
* 删除指定ID的日历事件及其提醒
*
* @param eventId
* @return
*/
public String deleteEvent(Context context, long eventId) {
ContentResolver cr = context.getContentResolver();
Uri uri = CalendarContract.Events.CONTENT_URI;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int deletedCount = 0;
String selection = "(" + CalendarContract.Events._ID + " = ?)";
String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{String.valueOf(eventId)};
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == context.checkSelfPermission("android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR")) {
deletedCount = cr.delete(uri, selection, selectionArgs);
} else {
return "请授予编辑日历的权限";
}
} else {
deletedCount = cr.delete(uri, selection, selectionArgs);
}
String reminderSelection = "(" + CalendarContract.Reminders.EVENT_ID + " = ?)";
String[] reminderSelectionArgs = new String[]{String.valueOf(eventId)};
int deletedReminderCount = cr.delete(CalendarContract.Reminders.CONTENT_URI, reminderSelection, reminderSelectionArgs);
sb.append("删除日历事件成功！\n");
sb.append("删除事件数:" + deletedCount).append("\n");
sb.append("删除事件提醒数:" + deletedReminderCount).append("\n");
sb.append("\n");
return sb.toString();
}
}
查询日历事件
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public ArrayList queryEvent(Context context, long calendarID) {
ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList();
String[] EVENT_PROJECTION = new String[]{
CalendarContract.Events.CALENDAR_ID, // 0
CalendarContract.Events.TITLE, // 1
CalendarContract.Events.DESCRIPTION, // 2
CalendarContract.Events.EVENT_LOCATION, //3
CalendarContract.Events.DISPLAY_COLOR, //4
CalendarContract.Events.STATUS, //5
CalendarContract.Events.DTSTART, //6
CalendarContract.Events.DTEND, //7
CalendarContract.Events.DURATION, //8
CalendarContract.Events.EVENT_TIMEZONE, //9
CalendarContract.Events.EVENT_END_TIMEZONE, //10
CalendarContract.Events.ALL_DAY, //11
CalendarContract.Events.ACCESS_LEVEL, //12
CalendarContract.Events.AVAILABILITY, //13
CalendarContract.Events.HAS_ALARM, //14
CalendarContract.Events.RRULE, //15
CalendarContract.Events.RDATE, //16
CalendarContract.Events.HAS_ATTENDEE_DATA, // 17
CalendarContract.Events.LAST_DATE, // 18
CalendarContract.Events.ORGANIZER, // 19
CalendarContract.Events.IS_ORGANIZER, // 20
CalendarContract.Events._ID //21
};
// Run query
Cursor cur = null;
ContentResolver cr = context.getContentResolver();
Uri uri = CalendarContract.Events.CONTENT_URI;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String selection = "(" + CalendarContract.Events.CALENDAR_ID + " = ?)";
String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{String.valueOf(calendarID)};
// String selection = null;
// String[] selectionArgs = null;
// Submit the query and get a Cursor object back.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == context.checkSelfPermission("android.permission.READ_CALENDAR")) {
cur = cr.query(uri, EVENT_PROJECTION, selection, selectionArgs, null);
} else {
return null;
//return "请授予读取日历的权限";
}
} else {
cur = cr.query(uri, EVENT_PROJECTION, selection, selectionArgs, null);
}
// Use the cursor to step through the returned records
while (cur.moveToNext()) {
long id = 0;
long calID = 0;
String title = null;
String description = null;
String eventLocation = null;
int displayColor = 0;
int status = 0;
long start = 0;
long end = 0;
String duration = null;
String eventTimeZone = null;
String eventEndTimeZone = null;
int allDay = 0;
int accessLevel = 0;
int availability = 0;
int hasAlarm = 0;
String rrule = null;
String rdate = null;
int hasAttendeeData = 0;
int lastDate;
String organizer;
String isOrganizer;
// Get the field values
id = cur.getLong(21);
calID = cur.getLong(0);
title = cur.getString(1);
description = cur.getString(2);
eventLocation = cur.getString(3);
displayColor = cur.getInt(4);
status = cur.getInt(5);
start = cur.getLong(6);
end = cur.getLong(7);
duration = cur.getString(8);
eventTimeZone = cur.getString(9);
eventEndTimeZone = cur.getString(10);
allDay = cur.getInt(11);
accessLevel = cur.getInt(12);
availability = cur.getInt(13);
hasAlarm = cur.getInt(14);
rrule = cur.getString(15);
rdate = cur.getString(16);
hasAttendeeData = cur.getInt(17);
lastDate = cur.getInt(18);
organizer = cur.getString(19);
isOrganizer = cur.getString(20);
sb.append("id:" + id).append("\n");
sb.append("calID:" + calID).append("\n");
sb.append("title:" + title).append("\n");
sb.append("description:" + description).append("\n");
sb.append("eventLocation:" + eventLocation).append("\n");
sb.append("displayColor:" + displayColor).append("\n");
sb.append("status:" + status).append("\n");
sb.append("start:" + start).append("\n");
sb.append("end:" + end).append("\n");
sb.append("duration:" + duration).append("\n");
sb.append("eventTimeZone:" + eventTimeZone).append("\n");
sb.append("eventEndTimeZone:" + eventEndTimeZone).append("\n");
sb.append("allDay:" + allDay).append("\n");
sb.append("accessLevel:" + accessLevel).append("\n");
sb.append("availability:" + availability).append("\n");
sb.append("hasAlarm:" + hasAlarm).append("\n");
sb.append("rrule:" + rrule).append("\n");
sb.append("rdate:" + rdate).append("\n");
sb.append("hasAttendeeData:" + hasAttendeeData).append("\n");
sb.append("lastDate:" + lastDate).append("\n");
sb.append("organizer:" + organizer).append("\n");
sb.append("isOrganizer:" + isOrganizer).append("\n");
sb.append("------------------\n");
String[] REMINDER_PROJECTION = new String[]{
CalendarContract.Reminders._ID, // 0
CalendarContract.Reminders.EVENT_ID, // 1
CalendarContract.Reminders.MINUTES, //2
CalendarContract.Reminders.METHOD, //3
};
String reminderSelection = "(" + CalendarContract.Reminders.EVENT_ID + " = ?)";
String[] reminderSelectionArgs = new String[]{String.valueOf(id)};
Cursor reminderCur = cr.query(CalendarContract.Reminders.CONTENT_URI, REMINDER_PROJECTION, reminderSelection, reminderSelectionArgs, null);
while (reminderCur.moveToNext()) {
long reminderId = 0;
long reminderEventID = 0;
int reminderMinute = 0;
int reminderMethod = 0;
reminderId = reminderCur.getLong(0);
reminderEventID = reminderCur.getLong(1);
reminderMinute = reminderCur.getInt(2);
reminderMethod = reminderCur.getInt(3);
arrayList.add(reminderEventID);
sb.append("reminderId:" + reminderId).append("\n");
sb.append("reminderEventID:" + reminderEventID).append("\n");
sb.append("reminderMinute:" + reminderMinute).append("\n");
sb.append("reminderMethod:" + reminderMethod).append("\n");
sb.append("\n");
}
}
cur.close();
return arrayList;
}
删除所有日历事件
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public void deleteAll(Context context) {
ArrayList arrayList = this.queryEvent(context, 3);
int ei;
for (ei = 0; ei < arrayList.size(); ei++) {
long eventId = (long) arrayList.get(ei);
this.deleteEvent(context, eventId);
}
}
接口调用
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@OnClick(R.id.add_event)
public void addEvent() {
CalendarManager calendarManager = new CalendarManager();
long[] calenderMillis = calendarManager.createEvent(2018, 4, 9, 15, 42, 2018, 4, 9, 17, 30);
ContentValues contentValues = calendarManager.CreateContentResolver(mHomeStudentActivity, 3, calenderMillis, "title", "description", "location", "organizer", "eventtitle");
long eventID = calendarManager.insertEvent(contentValues, mHomeStudentActivity);
calendarManager.createReminder(mHomeStudentActivity, eventID, 3);
}
@OnClick(R.id.delete_event)
public void deleteEvent() {
CalendarManager calendarManager = new CalendarManager();
Log.d(calendarManager.deleteEvent(mHomeStudentActivity, 22), "sdfsdf");
}
@OnClick(R.id.add_calander_account)
public void addAccount() {
CalendarManager calendarManager = new CalendarManager();
calendarManager.insertAccount(mHomeStudentActivity);
}
其中eventID可以根据mobileAPI 传入的参数字组装 存入sharePrefences
参考
https://firebase.google.com/docs/android/setup https://www.jianshu.com/p/5d1982dd588b https://blog.csdn.net/newhope1106/article/details/54709916